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Project details
| Title: | Climate Change 1989-1997 |
| Id: | 1533 |
| Acronym: | Climate Change |
| Investigator(s): | Stuart Godfrey
(Former) CSIRO Division of Oceanography - Hobart [details] |
| Description: | |
| Years: | 1989 to 1997 |
List of surveys that this project was on. Click on column header to sort.
Use [details] link to view survey details (map, reports, metadata etc) including links to download data.
| Survey | Investigator | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FR 08/96 [details] |
T. McDougall (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 08/96 was undertaken to measure the flow of bottom, deep and intermediate waters into the West Australian Basin of the Indian Ocean. Nine out of ten current meters were recovered between Cape Mentelle and Broken Plateau. Survey methods included ADCP, CTDs, XBTs and underway instrumentation. Preliminary analyses indicate a general northward flow on the western part of the section and a general southward return flow on the eastern part of the section. Data and water samples were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 06/96 [details] |
J. Church & S. Wijffels (CSIRO) including other Pis | Cruise FR 06/96 was undertaken to determine the seasonal variability of the Leeuwin Current near 20 degrees S in the east Indian Ocean using current meters and thus the meridional transport of heat associated with the current (an Australian contribution to WOCE). Primary aim of the cruise was to recover the ICM6 Mooring array. Four out of the six moorings were recovered (two acoustic releases on Mooring 4 and 5 failed). Survey methods included ADCP, CTDs, XBTs and underway instrumentation. Data and water samples were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 08/95 [details] |
G. Meyers, G. Cresswell, J.S. Godfrey, S. Wijffels (CSIRO) plus others | Cruise FR 08/95 forms part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Repeat hydrographic sections were completed between Western Australia and the southern boundary of the Indonesian territorial waters (roughly 9 degrees S). A second opportunistic ADCP/XBT survey of the Leeuwin Current was completed and also a SeaSoar section in the hydrographic front at 15 degrees S in the Indian Ocean. Data and water samples were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 06/95 [details] |
T. McDougall (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 06/95 was undertaken to study the flow of bottom, deep and intermediate waters into the Western Australian Basin of the Indian Ocean. Primary aim of this cruise was to deploy ten current meters between Cape Mentelle and Broken Plateau, this was done successfully. Survey methods included ADCPs, CTD casts (a total of 39, the first 28 of these were on the same line as that of a cruise of RRS Charles Darwin in 1987 and many of these 28 casts were designed to be at the same position as casts from that cruise), and underway instrumentation. Data and water samples were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 03/95 [details] |
S. Wijffels, G. Cresswell, S. Godfrey, G. Meyers (CSIRO) including other Pis | Cruise FR 03/95 forms part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Repeat hydrographic sections were conducted in the east Indian Ocean between Australia and the boundary of the Indonesian territorial waters (along the IX1 Volunteer Observing Ship Track). Survey methods included ADCPs, CTDs, XBTs, and underway instrumentation. Data and water samples were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. Preliminary data reveal a property field rich in mesoscale and fine structure. At least two sharp property fronts between waters of subtropical South Indian and those of Pacific/Indonesian origin are evident near 18 deg. S and 16 deg. S in the upper 500 db. The change in salinity across these fronts is around 0.5. An extremely fresh 80 m thick layer was found north of about 13 deg. S. This layer appeared to be moving southwards at over 1 kt, a feature of the velocity field that persisted for the several days of sampling in that region. An opportunistic ADCP/XBT survey was made of the Leeuwin Current which encloses four ocean volumes (Fremantle-Abrolhos, Abrolhos-Carnarvon, Carnarvon-Point Farquhar, Point Farquhar-Exmouth). Preliminary analysis of these data show a robust Leeuwin Current flowing south at the shelf break, except off Fremantle and Exmouth. Off Fremantle the main current core is headed directly offshore and off Exmouth, the current was absent from the shelf break and appeared to be flowing southwards in deeper waters offshore. |
| FR 09/94 [details] |
J.S. Godfrey (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 09/94 forms part of TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Program-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment). Cruise was undertaken to obtain meteorological and oceanographical data for air-sea interaction studies in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Survey methods included meteorological instrumentation, radiometers, optical rain gauge, drifting buoy, Seasnake (a very high precision thermistor in the end of a 5 m garden hose measuring the temperature of the top few centimetres of water), ADCP, CTDs and underway instrumentation. Water samples and data were collected for on board and laboratory analysis. Tests of the SeaSoar electric drive unit and deployment of drift cards at 27 degrees S, 110 degrees E to commemorate the loss of HMAS Sydney in November, 1941 were also carried out. |
| FR 07/93 [details] |
J. Church (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 07/93 was undertaken to study ocean transport in the Tasman Sea. To determine the seasonal variability of the EAC and thus the variability in southward heat flux; to estimate the variability in meridional flow between Tasmania and New Zealand; and to recover moorings measuring transport in the EAC at 30 degrees S. Survey methods included ADCP, CTDs, XBTs and underway instrumentation. Water samples were collected for temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrient analyses. Related cruises are FR 10/89, FR 11/89, FR 02/90, FR 03/90, FR 10/91, FR 07/92 and FR 03/94. |
| FR 06/93 [details] |
J. Church & S. Rintoul (CSIRO) & D. Braben (Griffith Univ.) | Cruise FR 06/93 was undertaken for deep ocean circulation studies of the Tasman and Coral Seas. Cruise objectives included to estimate deep circulation and water mass properties through the deepest parts of the Coral and Tasman Sea Basins; to estimate the zonal transports (at all depths) into the western boundary current region of the South Pacific and to estimate the transport of deep water between the Coral and Solomon Sea Basins, between the Coral and Tasman Sea basins ; to determine the latitudinal differences in primary production and photosynthetic rate parameters, to examine how primary production affects near surface pC02 distributions, and to model the processes that determine the uptake of C02. The survey included sampling along Pacific line P11 as part of WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment). Survey methods included ADCP, CTD sections, XBTs and underway instrumentation. On board analyses were carried out for salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, silicate and phosphate. C-14 sampling was also conducted. Station details, hydrology, and CTD data for this WOCE section are available on-line at http://whpo.ucsd.edu/data/onetime/pacific/p11/p11s/index.htm. |
| FR 01/93 [details] |
T. McDougall (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 01/93 forms part of TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere - Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment). Cruise objectives included to measure all components of the surface layer heat budget to order 10 W/m -2, to observe the response of the upper ocean to an injection of freshwater due to rain, to measure turbulent fluxes of heat and salt, to obtain accurate measurement of skin temperature for satellite based SST measurements and to intercompare flux measurements with neighbouring research vessels and aircraft. Survey methods included Bunyip and Seasoar tows, buoy deployment and retrieval, CTDs, meteorological sensors, silverfish tows and goldfish testing, radiometers, floating flux meter and underway instrumentation. Oceanographical and meteorological data were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 09/92 [details] |
J.S. Godfrey (CSIRO), including other PI's | Cruise FR 09/92 forms part of TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere - Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment). Studies of the mixed layer heat budget of the equatorial West Pacific Ocean were conducted. The IFA (Intensive Flux Array) of COARE, was centred at 2 degrees S, 156 degrees E. Flux intercomparisons were conducted between ships and an aircraft in the IFA for one day during the cruise. On this cruise a number of special purpose meteorological sensors were installed by CEM (Centre for Environmental Mechanics) on various locations on the ship. Survey methods included buoy deployments and retrievals, CTDs, SeaSoar tows, ADCP, meteorological sensors, radiometer measurements, underway instrumentation and bow dropsonde trials. SST ground truthing was also conducted at the overpass times for the AVHRR aboard the NOAA 11 & 12 satellites, and also the ATSR aboard the European ERS-1 satellite. Oceanographical, meteorological and satellite data were collected for on board and laboratory analyses. |
| FR 07/92 [details] |
J. Church (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 07/92 was undertaken to study ocean transport in the Tasman and Coral Seas. Scientific objectives included to estimate the volume transport of the EAC at 23 degrees S and 30 degrees S and to estimate the time variability of this transport at 30 degrees S and using patterns of tracers (temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients) and of density to estimate geostrophic circulation (baroclinic plus barotropic) at all depths; to complete (in collaboration with US scientists) a section between South America and New Zealand at about 32 degrees S, to estimate the meridional heat and freshwater fluxes and also to sample for, and analyse on board, dimethyl sulphide in surface and sub-surface waters. Cruise objectives included to recover, service and re-deploy the current meter array that was deployed on FR 10/91 at 30 degrees S; to complete two CTD/ADCP/nutrient sections and to sample for, and analyse on board, DMS/DMSP. Related Franklin cruises are FR 10/89, FR 11/89, FR 02/90, FR 03/90, FR 10/91, FR 07/93 and FR 03/94. |
| FR 03/91 [details] |
T. McDougall (CSIRO) & M. Gregg (Univ. of Washington) | Cruise FR 03/91 was undertaken to collect the first microstructure measurements from the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and to compare these with the internal wave activity. Survey methods included CTDs, XBTs, XCPs, Bunyip tows, ADCP and underway instrumentation. From the data collected, analysis will be conducted to determine the strength of vertical mixing processes in this region. |
| FR 10/90 [details] |
T. McDougall & E. Butler (CSIRO) | Cruise FR 10/90 was undertaken to study mixing and subduction in three different regions in the Tasman Sea: separation of the East Australian Current (EAC) off the NSW coast, a mature EAC eddy and at the Subtropical Convergence (STC). A mature eddy was located at approximately 36 degrees S and STC was located approximately 46 degrees S, 153 degrees E. Cruise objectives included examination of the mixing intensity in these regions and to map the three dimensional fields of salinity and potential vorticity. Survey methods included CTDs, XBTs, ADCP, Bunyip tows and underway instrumentation. Calibration of the solid state dissolved oxygen sensor mounted on the Bunyip Microfish was also conducted. |
| FR 07/90 [details] |
E. Lindstrom & J.S. Godfrey (CSIRO), including other Pis | Cruise FR 07/90 is part of a continuing series focused on air-sea interaction processes for the western tropical Pacific Ocean. The Bismarck Air-Sea Interaction and Circulation Study (BASICS) and the Australia - Japan Equatorial moored instrument array study were conducted on this cruise. Cruise objectives included to measure all components of the heat budget of one or more parcels of water in the Bismarck Sea, measure the C02 flux over the ocean and relate its magnitude to the difference in C02 concentration between the water and the air, and to recover and redeploy the Australia/Japan current meter mooring on the equator at 147 degrees E. Survey methods included ADCP, CTDs, XBTs, underway, flying fish, micro-meteorological instruments, sensors, radiometers, drifting buoy, and various other instrumentation associated with the work. Water samples were collected for salinity, oxygen and nutrient analysis, and data from the various instruments were recorded for on board and laboratory analysis. Related cruises FR 06/91 and FR 06/92. |